English: The global energy transition faces dual challenges of renewable energy intermittency and deep industrial decarbonization. Green hydrogen, produced through renewable-powered water electrolysis and coupled with Power-to-X (PtX) technologies to convert surplus electricity into hydrogen-based fuels or chemical feedstocks, provides a critical pathway to address the volatility of wind/solar power and meet end-use zero-carbon demands. Current research focuses on three key directions: enhancing electrolyzer flexibility to match renewable output fluctuations, developing "electricity-hydrogen-grid" coordination mechanisms for peak shaving and renewable integration, and innovating PtX coupling modes to synthesize zero-carbon methanol/ammonia. Breakthroughs in PtX technologies will reshape the "source-grid-load-storage" interaction paradigm and enable high-penetration renewable power systems.

中文: 全球能源转型面临可再生能源间歇性与工业深度脱碳的双重挑战。绿色氢能通过可再生能源电解水制备，耦合Power-to-X（PtX）技术将富余电能转化为氢基燃料或化工原料，为破解风光波动性与终端零碳需求提供关键路径。当前核心研究围绕三大方向：一是提升电解系统灵活性以匹配风光出力波动；二是构建"电-氢-网"协同调峰机制提升消纳能力；三是创新PtX耦合模式合成零碳甲醇/氨等。PtX的技术突破将重塑"源-网-荷-储"互动范式，赋能高比例可再生能源电力系统。